Read the passage and answer the question that follows. Stonehenge is an ancient monument situated about ten miles north of Salisbury in England. It was built about 4500 years ago, but by whom and for what purpose remains a mystery. The builders must have known of geometry. They may have been influenced by the Mycenaeans, whose architecture was similar. Some of the stones must have been brought from West Wales, over 135 miles away. These stones weigh more than fifty tons. They may have been brought on rafts and rollers. Experts say that it must have taken 1500 men more than five years to transport them. Stonehenge was probably built in three stages. First, settlers from continental Europe built a temple for sun worship. Later the “Beaker” people added the stone circles. Finally, people of the Wesse Culture transformed Stonehenge into an observatory. They could calculate the exact time of Midsummer and Midwinter and of equinoxes.

1. We understand from the passage that the construction of the Stonehenge —-.

(A) began 135 miles away from Salisbury

(B) is thought to have taken place in more than one stage

(D) is not a mystery that needs to be solved

2. It is pointed out in the reading that the Stonehenge —-.

(A) was built by the Mycenaeans, who were very advanced in geometry

(B) probably has religious origins, possibly for worship of the sun

(D) was erected thousands of years ago in West Wales

3. According to the passage, there is no certainty about —

(A) where the Stonehenge was built

(B) what kind of stones were used in the construction of the Stonehenge

equinoxes

(D) how the stones used in the construction of the Stonehenge were

transported

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Read the passage and answer the question that follows. Many consider World War I to have been the first modern war, a total war where the civilian populations were deliberately endangered as a direct tactic of war, which has continued in all subsequent wars. While civilians have always died in wars, World War I made civilian casualties accepted and commonplace, from, for example, aerial bombardment. All aspects of the societies fighting were affected by the conflict, often causing profound social change, even if the countries were not in the war zone.

1. It is stated in the reading that World War I —-.

(A) caused a major depression in countries that were against killing civilians

(B) introduced the killing of civilians as a method of warfare

(D) marked the end of the most peaceful period in modern history

2. It is pointed out in the passage that —-.

(A) the war’s economic impact was felt sharply in countries that were

close to the war zone

(B) the aftermath of World War I brought more attempts to protect

civilians in war

(D) the impact of the World War I was felt even by the countries which

were not close to the war fronts

3. We can understand from the passage that —-.

(A) very few countries had designed or built aircraft specifically for war

functions before World War I

(B) World War I was not the first war in which civilians died

(D) the aerial bombardment of civilians was , widely criticized

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Read the passage and answer the question that follows. Pride and Prejudice, by far the most popular of all Jane Austen’s novels, requires no detailed description. Jane Austen said of it that it “is rather too light, and bright, and sparkling; it wants shade,” and this is perhaps the reason for its popularity. The precision and vivacity of style carry the reader through the novel with ease and spirit; there is a sparkling life about the characters and rainwashed freshness about the scenery which combine to make this gayest of Jane Austen’s novels, in spite of deeper overtones which emerge when Charlotte Lucas agrees to marry Mr. Collins or when Lydia is discovered to have run off with Wickham with no prospect of marriage. The speed and ski ii with which the author moves into the story is remarkable.

1. According to the passage, Pride and Prejudice —-.

(A) doesn’t need elaborate explanation

(B) is the most famous novel in English literature

(D) is popular due to its vivacity of style

2. It’s implied in the passage that —-.

(A) there is no promising life about the characters in the novel

(B) Lydia and Wickham become happy after they have married

(D) the landscape of the novel adds lively atmosphere into it

3. Author Jane Austen confessed —-.

(A) that she didn’t write the novel on her own

(B) the reasons why Pride and Prejudice is so popular

(D) her own skill and ability to affect public

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Read the passage and answer the question that follows. When the air is clear, the sunset will appear yellow, because the light from the sun has passed a long distance through the air and the blue light has been scattered away. If the air is polluted with small particles, natural or otherwise, the sunset will be more red. Sunsets over the sea may also be orange, due to salt particles in the air. The sky around the sun is seen reddened, as well as the light coming directly from the sun. This is because all light is scattered relatively well through small angles, but blue light is then more likely to be scattered twice over the greater distances, leaving the yellow, red, and orange colors.

1. As it is pointed out in the passage, the color of the sunset

(A) may be lighter than expected due to salt particles in the air

(B) is red if the sky is clear

(D) depends on the weather conditions and the location where it takes place

2. One can infer from the passage that the sunset looks yellow because

(A) scattering does not play an appreciable role in determining the color of the transmitted light

(B) the blue light is scattered on the long way through the air at that time

(D) the air is polluted to such a degree that the Earth’s climate is actually changing

3. As it is pointed out in the passage,

(A) our eyes are more sensitive to light with blue frequencies

(B) the red light passes easily through the air without scattering at all

(D) the sunset is likely to look orange when small particles, such as salt from sea spray, are in the air

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Read the passage and answer the question that follows. The Bermuda Triangle occupies a disturbing and almost unbelievable place in the world’s catalog of unexplained mysteries. More than a hundred planes and ships have vanished in this area into the air since 1945, and more than a thousand lives have been lost, without a single body or even a piece wreckage from the vanishing planes or ships having been found. Many of the planes concerned have vanished while in normal radio contact with their base until the very moment of their disappearance, while others have radioed the most extraordinary messages, implying that they could not get their instruments to function, that their compasses were spinning, that the sky had turned yellow and hazy on a clear day, and the ocean, which was calm nearby, didn’t look right without further clarification of what was wrong.

1. One can infer from the reading that:

(A) the wreckages of some ships and planes have been found in Bermuda
Triangle
(B) the number of incidents involving lost ships is no larger than that of any other
heavily traveled region of the world
(C) the ships. and the planes couldn’t contact with their base due to the lack of
equipments
(D) the first mention of disappearances in the area was made in 1945

2. It is pointed out in the passage that

(A) thousands of people lost their lives in the Bermuda Triangle in 1945
(B) all of the disappearances happened during the day time
(C) the Bermuda Triangle mystery was solved in 1945

(D) the ocean floor near Bermuda, highly unexplored, is host to many strange phenomena

3. The reading mainly deals with

(A) why so many ships and planes disappear in the Bermuda Triangle
(B) the mysterious disappearances of ships and planes in the Bermuda Triangle
(C) the location of the Bermuda Triangle
(D) the frequency of the disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle

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Read the passage and answer the question that follows. Opera refers to a dramatic art form, originating in Europe, in which the emotional content is conveyed to the audience as much through music, both vocal and instrumental, as it is through the lyrics. By contrast, in musical theater an actor’s dramatic performance is primary, and the music plays a lesser role. The drama in opera is presented using the primary elements of theater such as scenery, costumes, and acting. However, the words of the opera, or libretto, are sung rather than spoken. The singers are accompanied by a musical ensemble ranging from a small instrumental ensemble to a full symphonic orchestra.

1. It is pointed out in the reading that opera

(A) has developed under the influence of musical theater
(B) is a drama sung with the accompaniment of an orchestra
(C) is not a high-budget production
(D) is often performed in Europe

2. We can understand from the reading that

(A) people are captivated more by opera than musical theater
(B) drama in opera is more important than the music

(C) orchestras in operas can vary considerably in size
(D) musical theater relies above all on music

3. It is stated in the reading that

(A) acting and costumes are secondary to music in musical theater
(B) many people find musical theater more captivating than opera
(C) music in musical theater is not as important as it is in opera
(D) an opera requires a huge orchestra as well as a large choir

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Read the passage and answer the question that follows. Naval architects never claim that a ship is unsinkable, but the sinking of the passenger-and-car ferry Estonia in the Baltic surely should have never have happened. It was well designed and carefully maintained. It carried the proper number of lifeboats. It had been thoroughly inspected the day of its fatal voyage. Yet hours later, Estonia rolled over and sank in a cold, stormy night. It went down so quickly that most of those on board, caught in their dark, flooding cabins, had no chance to save themselves: Of those who managed to scramble overboard, only 139 survived. The rest died of hypothermia before the rescuers could pluck them from the cold sea. The final death toll amounted to 912 souls. However, there were an unpleasant number of questions about why the Estonia sank and why so many survivors were men in the prime of life, while most of the dead were women, children, and the elderly.

1. One can understand from the reading that

(A) the lifesaving equipment did not work well and lifeboats could not be lowered

(B) design faults and incompetent crew contributed to the sinking of the Estonia ferry

(D) most victims were trapped inside the boat as they were in their cabins

2. It is clear from the passage that the survivors of the accident

(A) helped one another to overcome the tragedy that had affected them all

(B) were mostly young men but women, children and the elderly stood little chance

(D) are still suffering from severe post-traumatic stress disorder

3. According to the passage, when the Estonia sank,

(A) there were only 139 passengers on board

(B) few of the passengers were asleep

(C) there were enough lifeboats for the number of people on board

(D) the faster reaction by the crew could have increased Estonia’s chances of survival

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Read the passage and answer the question that follows. A donkey and a rooster lived peaceably together in the farmyard. One day, a hungry lion passed by. His eyes brightened at the sight of the plump donkey, and he thought of the fine meal in store for him. But just as the lion was about to pounce on the donkey, the rooster began to crow. Now, it is said that there is nothing a lion hates more than the sound of a cock-a-doodle-doo. Perhaps, it is true, for the lion turned and fled at the sound of the rooster’s crowing. The donkey laughed. “Why, the lion is a coward! The mighty king of beasts runs from a rooster.” And donkey felt so bold that he began to chase the lion. He had not gone very far, however, when the lion turned. With a great roar, he leapt upon the donkey. The rooster, watching from the farmyard, said sadly, “Alas! My poor friend did not realise what he could not do. False confidence often leads to misfortune.”

Why did the lion run away?

(A) The Lion was afraid of the monkey

(B) The lion hated the crow

(C) The lion hated the crowing of the rooster

(D) None of the above

Explanation

‘Now, it is said that there is nothing a lion hates more than the sound of a cock-a-doodle-doo. Perhaps, it is true, for the lion turned and fled at the sound of the rooster’s crowing.’

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Comprehension

1. We understand from the passage that the construction of the Stonehenge —-.

2. It is pointed out in the reading that the Stonehenge —-.

3. According to the passage, there is no certainty about —

1. It is stated in the reading that World War I —-.

2. It is pointed out in the passage that —-.

3. We can understand from the passage that —-.

1. According to the passage, Pride and Prejudice —-.

2. It’s implied in the passage that —-.

3. Author Jane Austen confessed —-.

1. As it is pointed out in the passage, the color of the sunset

2. One can infer from the passage that the sunset looks yellow because

3. As it is pointed out in the passage,

1. One can infer from the reading that:

2. It is pointed out in the passage that

3. The reading mainly deals with

1. It is pointed out in the reading that opera

2. We can understand from the reading that

3. It is stated in the reading that

1. One can understand from the reading that

2. It is clear from the passage that the survivors of the accident

3. According to the passage, when the Estonia sank,

Explanation

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